Dear Victor,
Lactose is the natural sugar found in milk. Sugar is the general term for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.
Types of carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates are classified as:
- Simple carbohydrates, including:
- Monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, galactose
- Disaccharides: maltose, lactose, sucrose
- Complex carbohydrates: polysaccharides such as starches, fibres, and glycogen
Lactose is a disaccharide composed of two simple sugars: glucose and galactose. The main carbohydrate in regular milk is lactose.
Lactose intolerance
Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose. Some people do not produce enough lactase and therefore struggle to digest lactose. This condition is known as lactose intolerance.
Symptoms
People with lactose intolerance may experience abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, and bloating after consuming dairy products.
Management
- Lactase supplements – Taking lactase enzyme tablets before consuming dairy can help digest lactose and prevent symptoms such as diarrhoea, cramps, and gas.
- Plant-based milk alternatives – These include options made from seeds, nuts, legumes, and cereals. They often contain added emulsifiers, stabilisers, flavourings, sweeteners, and micronutrients to enhance nutritional value and taste.
